Last Geographical Expedition - Different Land uses

This weekend me, and my collegue went all the way from Moosstrasse to Bergheim, which takes about an hour bus ride. This expedition's purpose is to record different land uses that we saw on the way to Bergheim. The picture that are taken start from the city center.

So, here is the first land use, beggining of our way and here we can see Central City area. It contains many sighseens and restaurants as well as many kinds of shops and entertainings that attract tourists and citizens. Many city buses are going here, therefore it is easy to get here. 

 

After about 5 minutes from Central City, goes the Suburban Residential Area. Many people live here
and as further you go, you can notice shops, restaurants, and other services getting less dense. More parks, small grocery shop, educational and sport facilities are located here.


The further we went, more areas appeared. After we left the Residential Zone, we saw the Service Center. Here, we can see the services that sell variety of products mostly for farmers, drivers, and probably for small buisnesses. These market you wouldn't find in Center, as they are meant to be built for another potential consumers.

 

After we left the city boundary, we saw numbers Lagerhauses. In other words, those are storages for plenty of materials, that are made/ manufactured nearby.
 
It was very interesting for me, as I saw connection with this Lagerhaus. Just 100 meters close to it, a wood cutting industry is located. Therefore, we could assume that this storage is located near forrests, so wood could be easily transported there


The most basic land use I noticed was farming. We can see a combine collecting grass for hay. And just near this farm we can see the market where combiners are sold.
 
We also took a picture of a railway station, which is huge complex and node point of many transportations in Salzburg. Many products from areas above are brought here to be transported

In conclusion I can say that in this expedition we saw a variety of Land uses, however Industries and some complexes are located in different parts of the city.

Thank you for attention! Hope not to do it next year

NGO in Paraguay

There are more than 2000 cities around the world bonded with one another through SCI program that made them sister cities. Sister cities are sharing development programs with one another, such as environmental, economical and cultural. Through such realtionships, those cities will grow in their development. Salzburg also has many sister cities, however they all are located in Europe. But let's just imagine the bond Salzburg made with less developed country, such as Paraguay, with poor and small village there called Teniente Morales. A few volunteers organized an NGO in order to help the sister city and collected 25000€ for its development. The essential question is, how correctly invest this money ? The head of the NGO is Johny, who decides how and where he should invest this money. With the help of professionals, he decides that the development ought to be economical and educational. After I heard about the project, I decided to help it and I planned the following part. As we know already, the financial situation in this region is bad. Poverty, lack of education and access to civil places is limited. In order to make successful investment, we will have to find out the number of people living in this area, and the numbers of poor people who are not making enough for their living. With this information we would individually investigate the problem , that is apparently connects us to their crops they plant, number of people in family, how educated they are and the transportation problems. After, we would invest in particular issues, that are shared between those poor number of people. The plan gets approved and when we arrive there we would first buy signs for the road that would be approved by local government that will directly point on the town and to the village, through 25 km trip to town, signs will be located every 5 km, we would spend 4 thousand dollars on them and it will improve the transportation to a market. Another thing is agricultural economy there. We would calculate and look up most profitable crops for growing each season and spend 5 thousands dollars on seeds that we would just give to the farmers who are in failure and debt. The very next thing we are going to do is to sign a contract with agricultural universities in Austria and US that will let students to finish their practice in university earlier and get benefits by helping people in Paraguay and teaching locals planting and caring for crops they didn't use before and with which they are not familiar.The total costs of promotions and contracts will cost about 10 000 dollars, however each volunteer is required to pay 1000 dollars for a 3 week program, and those money will go into primary and high school education of local kids, books, pens, and all of the supplies. The last 6 thousand we will spend on a bus, that we will buy,  that will go twice a day from village to a city and back, and drivers will be provided by government, meaning they will be paid by government,as our sister city relationship wants to develop. This system would work as : 1) farmers are making valuable and profitable product for the market, which would be successful there, as the price of it won't be maximal 2) the transportation to the big market is freely available, only low costs for a bus trip 3) next generations will be more educated and have chances to go to universities and grow up in a social class 

Salzburg Local Farming

This weekend Salzburg Geographical squad went to make a research about farms and local systems that produce natural products that will come on a local market of Salzburg. We went to 3 farms and most of them had the logos of Salzburg milk companies. We kindly asked the owners to get in to a farm and make some researches.

- This is how the common livestock farm look like. Each cow is tied to the metal fence so they cant run away or turn around. Cows are fed with the hay that is always available for them.

This is how it looks like from different perspective. The cow's tails are tied to the top so they won't be as dirty.

 We were also wondering what is the purpose of sawdust that is in there. The farmer told us that the cows are also fed with the sawdust in order to get some more nutriens.

Here is the sign on the farm that shows that the products and the milk that is produced here are coming straight to the factory of Salzburg Milch.

On the same farm you can see that they also have tractors and combines for carrying supplies/ livestock/ crops. This is the way they transport their products to the factories in order to get final product from the milk or any other products.

Behind the tractor, owners have storage where different types of trailors are stored. As this farm is more based on livestock, they have more trailors for livestock.

While we were walking and searching further, we went to another farm and saw pretty much the same, however here we saw the big storage of the hay.

This farm is a little different. You can see how they use special feed for the livestock instead of the sawdust and everything is better organanized and we could assume this one is more productive than the other.

Then we found out that this farm is working for another company, Alpen Milch, and the farm is a little bigger than the previous one, and there were little more cows as well.

This is the house of the owners that shows how do they live.

On the way back we saw something different. This farm wasn't focused on milk production and they didn't have any cows, however, they had goats and chicken, so we assumed they produce goat milk and eggs.

This is how chicken farm looked like outside, with the small house for them to lay eggs and be in warm place.

On Moosstrasse I took a photo of a local store that sells meat. The butcher store is very local and small and probably taking the meat from the area it's located.

The processes that we saw along with conditions for cows that produce milk for Salzburg region were good and natural. I, as a consumer, bought their products, as the processes of getting milk I saw were natural and owners didn't hide anything from us and were very hospitable.
                                       

                                          Thank you for your attention !

Salzburg and Austrian boundaries History

Today I did a research about the boundaries of Salzburg and Austria as a whole since 1914 untill nowadays. So, what is a definition of boundary? Boundary is something that indicates bounds or limits, in our case- geographically and politically. They can change by variety of reasons, such as supranationalism, annexations, occupations or devolution. This research will show you the history of Austrian, specifically Salzburg boundaries changes.
In 1914 Austria was a part of Austro-Hungarian Empire and had a big influence on Europe at that time. It contained many countries in it and the Empire was multinational and multilingiustic. Here you can see the map of the Empire of 1914

As you can see, Austria was divided by many regions and Salzburg was one of them.

Soon, in 1918, the Empire broke apart and Austria became an Independent country with some claims on German land. It was a republic of Austria. On the picture below you can see German-Austrian claims of 1918. Red highlighted area shows present day Austria.

As you can see on the map, Salzburg boundaries remained the same and even grabbed little of Bavarian teritorry. However, the Austro-Germany union after WWI wasn't official, so it was just more favoured by people and governmant, as Peace Of Prague Treaties forbade it. So Salzburg remained to be a part of Austria.


In 1938 Germans, through some forced agreements invaded into Austria, and made it a part of the Reich, many politicians in Austria didn't agree with it, but through German strategies, by March 13 Austria was an annexed part of Reich.

As you can see, during Anscluss, Germany annexed the whole Austria and now, Salzburg was under controll of Dictatorship and was a Federal State of Austria in the German Reich. As a majority of population liked the Nazi regime, they were supporting Germany and commiting crimes with them.

After Third Reich fell, the powers that were opposing them took controll over it, including Austria. Austria was divided among the 4 countries

Salzburg region was claimed by U.S.The Second Republic of Austria became a stable democracy. The regions that were claimed by U.S were developing and U.S liked the Tirol culture, so they advertised it. They also created radiostations for education and entertainment which actual goal was to controll the Soviet Unioin Part of Austria.

The two major parties strove towards ending allied occupation and restoring a fully independent Austria. The Austrian State Treaty was signed on 15 May 1955. Upon the termination of allied occupation, Austria was proclaimed as a neutral counrty, and "everlasting" neutrality was incorporated into the Constitution on 26 October 1955 ( Atlas of Austria )
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During the permanent neutrality time, Austria got it's independence and claimed itself as a democratic country again.

Today, Austria is a Federal republic, and, as a citizen of the capital of Federal State of Salzburg, can assume that throghout 100 years, Salzburg and it's land was a part of 2 Empires and was claimed as a land of 4 different countries.